NRGExpert Global Nuclear Energy Report Ed 1 2011 Table of Contents

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Table of Tables 6
Table of Figures 8
1.0 Executive Summary 11
Overview 11
2.0 Status of nuclear power 21
Overview 21
2.1 Status of nuclear power 22
2.2 Highlights 2004 to January 2011 27
2.3 Age of nuclear infrastructure 39
2.4 Future nuclear capacity 40
2.5.1 Albania 42
2.5.2 Algeria 42
2.5.4 Azerbaijan 43
2.5.6 Belarus 44
2.5.7 Chile 45
2.5.8 Croatia 45
2.5.9 Ecuador 45
2.5.11 Georgia 46
2.5.12 Ghana 47
2.5.13 Gulf States 47
2.5.14 Indonesia 48
2.5.15 Iran 49
2.5.16 Ireland 49
2.5.17 Israel 50
2.5.18 Italy 50
2.5.19 Jordan 51
2.5.21 Kenya 52
2.5.22 Libya 53
2.5.23 Malaysia 53
2.5.25 Morocco 54
2.5.26 Namibia 54
2.5.27 New Zealand 55
2.5.28 Nigeria 55
2.5.29 Norway 55
2.5.30 Philippines 56
2.5.31 Poland 57
2.5.32 Portugal 58
2.5.33 Senegal 58
2.5.34 Serbia 58
2.5.35 Singapore 58
2.5.36 Sri Lanka 58
2.5.37 Syria 59
2.5.38 Thailand 59
2.5.39 Tunisia 59
2.5.40 Turkey 60
2.5.41 Uganda 61
2.5.42 Venezuela 61
2.5.43 Vietnam 62
2.5.44 Yemen 62
3.0 Statistics of nuclear energy and power 63
Overview 63
4.0 Nuclear fuel cycle and supporting industries 70
Overview 70
4.1 Front End and Service Period 71
4.2 Back end 72
5.0 Nuclear technologies and nuclear history 85
Overview 85
5.1 Generations of reactors 86
5.2 Basic principles of nuclear reaction 90
5.3 Types of reactor 92
6.0 Risk and safety issues and INES, International Nuclear Event Scale 106
Overview 106
6.1 INES, International Nuclear Event Scale 108
7.0 Uranium reserves and production 110
Overview 110
8.0 Economics of Nuclear Power 135
Overview 135
9.0 Nuclear power utilities 150
Overview 150
9.1 The Americas 151
9.1.1 Argentina 152
9.1.2 Brazil 152
9.1.3 Canada 152
9.1.4 Mexico 152
9.1.5 USA 153
9.2 Europe 155
9.2.1 Belgium 156
9.2.2 Bulgaria 156
9.2.3 Czech Republic 156
9.2.4 Finland 156
9.2.5 France 156
9.2.6 Germany 157
9.2.7 Hungary 157
9.2.8 Netherlands 157
9.2.9 Romania 157
9.2.10 Slovakia 158
9.2.11 Slovenia 158
9.2.12 Spain 158
9.2.13 Sweden 158
9.2.15 United Kingdom 159
9.3 CIS 160
9.3.1 Armenia 161
9.3.2 Russia 161
9.3.3 Ukraine 161
9.4 Asia 162
9.4.1 China 163
9.4.2 India 163
9.4.4 South Korea 164
9.4.5 Taiwan 164
9.5 Africa 165
9.5.1 South Africa 166
10.0 Nuclear power manufacturing companies, the global leaders 167
Overview 167
11.0 International nuclear associations and organisations 170
Overview 170
12.0 Country profiles 173
Overview 173
12.1 North America 174
12.1.1 Canada 175
12.1.2 Mexico 188
12.2.1 Belgium 232
12.2.2 Bulgaria 244
12.2.3 Czech Republic 251
12.2.4 Finland 261
12.2.5 France 268
12.2.6 Germany 284
12.2.7 Hungary 300
12.2.8 Italy 309
12.2.9 Lithuania 320
12.2.10 Netherlands 328
12.2.11 Romania 336
12.2.12 Slovakia 345
12.2.13 Slovenia 353
12.2.14 Spain 358
12.2.15 Sweden 369
12.2.16 Switzerland 382
12.2.17 Turkey 392
12.2.18 United Kingdom 395
12.3 CIS 409
12.3.1 Armenia 410
12.3.2 Kazakhstan 417
12.3.3 Russia 421
12.3.4 Ukraine 446
12.4.1 China 462
12.4.2 India 496
12.4.3 Indonesia 512
12.4.4 Japan 515
12.4.5 Korea 535
12.4.6 Pakistan 548
12.4.8 Vietnam 562
12.5 South America 564

Table of Tables

Table 2.1: Status of commercial nuclear power plants, January 2011
Table 2.2: Future Nuclear Generating Capacity by Country, MW, 2000 to 2020
Table 4.1: Nuclear fuel cycle facilities, February 2011
Table 4.2: Nuclear fuel cycle facilities by country as of February 2011
Table 5.1: Overview of the six GIF high temperature concepts
Table 5.2: Summary of reactor types
Table 5.3: Nuclear power plants in commercial operation by type, February 2011
Table 7.1: Twenty six largest uranium producing mines, 2009
Table 7.2: Primary uranium producers, 2009
Table 7.3: Sixteen new mines planned in Kazakhstan as part of the Kazatomprom strategy
Table 7.4: Canadian mines
Table 7.5: Australian mines
Table 7.6: Namibian mines
Table 7.7: Russian mines
Table 7.8: Niger mines
Table 8.1: Cost of Nuclear Generation, US¢/kWh with 40 year life and 85% Capacity Factor
Table 8.2: Proportions of Electricity Generating Cost
Table 8.3: Cost in USD per kWh for Generation by Nuclear, Coal, Gas, 25 and 40 year Life Assumptions
Table 8.4: Cost in USD per kWh for Generation by Nuclear, Coal, Gas, comparison 2003 MIT report data to 2009 update
Table 12.1.1: Status of nuclear power plants in Canada
Table 12.1.2: Structure of the Canadian nuclear industry
Table 12.1.3: Status of nuclear power plants in Mexico
Table 12.1.4: Status of the nuclear power plants of the US in January 2011
Table 12.1.5: Status of new nuclear plants
Table 12.1.6: Table of operators, US
Table 12.1.7: Table of operators, US
Table 12.1.8: Nuclear steam supply systems, US
Table 12.1.9: Structure of the US nuclear sector
Table 12.2.1: Nuclear power plants in Belgium
Table 12.2.2: Expected shutdown dates for Belgium nuclear power plants
Table 12.2.3: History Timeline of nuclear power in Belgium
Table 12.2.4: Main nuclear organisations, Belgium
Table 12.2.5: Nuclear power plants in Bulgaria
Table 12.2.6: Status of Nuclear Power Plants, Czech Republic
Table 12.2.7: Government Structure for Energy Policy, Czech Republic
Table 12.2.8: Nuclear Power Plants in Finland
Table 12.2.9: Status of Nuclear Power Plants in France
Table 12.2.10: Status of Nuclear Power Plants in Germany
Table 12.2.11: Participants in the Nuclear Licensing procedure for NPPs, Germany
Table 12.2.12: New shutdown dates for German nuclear power plants as of 2010
Table 12.2.13: Status of Nuclear Power Plants in Hungary
Table 12.2.14: Status of Nuclear Power Plants in Italy
Table 12.2.15: Status of Nuclear Power Plants in Lithuania
Table 12.2.16: Status of Nuclear Power Plants in the Netherlands
Table 12.2.17: Status of nuclear power plants in Romania
Table 12.2.18: Status of nuclear power plants in Slovakia
Table 12.2.19: Status of nuclear power plants in Slovenia
Table 12.2.20: Status of Nuclear Power Plants in Spain
Table 12.2.21: Status of Nuclear Power Plants in Sweden
Table 12.2.22: Nuclear Power Plants in Switzerland
Table 12.2.23: Overview
Table 12.2.24: Overview
Table 12.3.1: Nuclear power plants in Armenia
Table 12.3.2: Research reactors, Kazakhstan
Table 12.3.3: Scheduled closure dates for nuclear reactors
Table 12.3.4: Nuclear power plants in Russia
Table 12.3.5: History Timeline of nuclear power in Russia
Table 12.3.6: Federal Target Programme funding for Fast Neutron Reactors to 2020
Table 12.3.7: Russian nuclear reactor models and their status
Table 12.3.8: Status of nuclear power plants in Ukraine
Table 12.3.9: Planned new and replacement nuclear power plants
Table 12.4.1: Operating uranium mines in China
Table 12.4.2: Description of nuclear power projects in China
Table 12.4.3: Current and proposed uranium mines in India
Table 12.4.4: Status of nuclear power plants in India
Table 12.4.5: Potential ‘Nuclear Energy Parks’ for India
Table 12.4.6: Status of nuclear power plants in Japan
Table 12.4.7: Status of nuclear power plants in Korea
Table 12.4.8: Nuclear power plants in Pakistan
Table 12.4.9: Status of nuclear power plants in Taiwan
Table 12.5.1: Status of nuclear power plants in Argentina
Table 12.5.2: Status of nuclear power plants in Brazil
Table 12.5.3: Nuclebras Subsidiaries
Table 12.5.4: Figure: Structure of the Nuclear Industry in Brazil
Table 12.6.1: Uranium mines/projects in South Africa
Table 12.6.2: Status of nuclear power plants in South Africa
Table 12.7.1: Status of nuclear power plants in Iran

Table of Figures

Figure 2.1: Operational reactors by country, January 2011
Figure 2.2: Reactors under construction by country, January 2011
Figure 2.3: Reactors shutdown by country, January 2011
Figure 2.4: Nuclear capacity of plants under construction or planned by region, MW, 2011 to 2017
Figure 2.5: Nuclear capacity of plants under construction or planned by country, MW, 2011 to 2017
Figure 2.6: Future nuclear generating capacity by region, MW, 2000 to 2020
Figure 2.7: Future nuclear capacity for countries with nuclear power for a low and high growth scenario, MW, 2008, 2030, 2060 and 2100
Figure 2.8: Future nuclear capacity for countries planning nuclear power for a low and high growth scenario, MW, 2030, 2060 and 2100
Figure 2.9: Future nuclear capacity for countries that are considering nuclear power for a low and high growth scenario, MW, 2030, 2060 and 2100
Figure 2.10: Number of nuclear power reactors in operation by age in January 2010
Figure 3.1: Total primary energy consumption, Mtoe, 1965 to 2009
Figure 3.2: Consumption of nuclear power by country, TWh, 1965 to 2009
Figure 3.3: Nuclear power plants around the world
Figure 3.4: Nuclear energy as % of total energy consumption (2008/2009) and % of total electricity generation (2008/2009)
Figure 3.5: Average load factor of world nuclear power plants
Figure 4.1: Tonnes of spent fuel arising and disposal/reprocessing
Figure 4.2: Tonnes of spent fuel arising by region, 1990 to 2020
Figure 4.3: Sellafield Reprocessing Plant, UK
Figure 5.1: Pressurised Water Reactor (PWR)
Figure 5.2: Boiling Water Reactor (BWR)
Figure 5.3: Advanced Gas-cooled Reactor (AGR)
Figure 5.4: Type of reactor by capacity and status, GW, February 2011
Figure 5.5. Average capacity per reactor by type and status, MW, February 2011
Figure 6.1: INES, International Nuclear Event Scale
Figure 7.1: Production of uranium by mining method, 2009
Figure 7.2: Known recoverable uranium resources by country, thousand tonnes, 2009
Figure 7.3: Mined uranium production by country, tonnes, 2009
Figure 7.3: Mined uranium production by country, tonnes, 2009
Figure 7.4: Production of uranium from mines in Kazakhstan, tonnes, 2003 to 2010
Figure 7.5: Production of uranium from mines in Canada, tonnes, 2003 to 2010
Figure 7.6: Production of uranium from mines in Australia, tonnes, 2003 to 2010
Figure 7.7: Production of uranium from mines in Namibia, tonnes, 2003 to 2009
Figure 7.8: Production of uranium from mines in Russia, tonnes, 2003 to 2009
Figure 7.9: Production of uranium from mines in Niger, tonnes, 2003 to 2009
Figure 7.10: Long-term contract and spot prices USD per lb U3O8
Figure 8.1: Cost of Generating Electricity with Zero Carbon Allowance
Figure 8.2: Cost of Generating Electricity with CO2 at a Notional Cost of £30 per t
Figure 8.3: Capital Expenditure in Total Cost of Generating Electricity for Different Energy
Figure 8.4: Effect on Generating Cost of a ± ‘20% Change in Fuel Price (Zero Carbon Cost)
Figure 12.1: Installed nuclear capacity by country, MW, January 2011
Figure 12.1.1: Primary energy consumption by energy source, 2009, Mtoe
Figure 12.1.2: Load factors in Canada
Figure 12.1.3: Generating capacity by energy source, 1990 to 2020, MW
Figure 12.1.4: Geographical location of Canadian nuclear power plants, 2009
Figure 12.1.5: Primary energy consumption by energy source, 2009, Mtoe
Figure12.1.6: Generating capacity by energy source, 1990 to 2020, MW
Figure 12.1.7: Load factors for nuclear in Mexico
Figure 12.1.8: Primary energy consumption by energy source, 2009, Mtoe
Figure 12.1.9: Generating capacity by energy source, 1990 to 2020, MW
Figure 12.1.10: Location of nuclear power plants in the USA
Figure 12.1.11: Load factors for nuclear in the USA
Figure 12.1.12: Load factors in the USA
Figure 12.1.13: Location of Projected New Nuclear Power Reactors
Figure 12.1.14: Production of uranium from mines in the USA, tonnes, 2003 to 2009
Figure 12.1.15: State policies favouring nuclear
Figure 12.2.1: Nuclear power plants in Europe as of January 2011
Figure 12.2.2: Primary energy consumption by energy source, 2009, Mtoe
Figure 12.2.3: Generating capacity by energy source, 1990 to 2020, MW
Figure 12.2.4: Load factors in Belgium
Figure 12.2.5: Locations of nuclear sites in Belgium
Figure 12.2.6: Primary energy consumption by energy source, 2009, Mtoe
Figure 12.2.7: Load factors for nuclear in Bulgaria
Figure 12.2.8: Generating capacity by energy source, 1990 to 2020, MW
Figure 12.2.9: Primary energy consumption by energy source, 2009, Mtoe
Figure 12.2.10: Production of uranium from mines in the Czech Republic, tonnes, 2003 to 2009
Figure 12.2.11: Generating capacity by energy source, 1990 to 2020, MW
Figure 12.2.12: Load factors, Czech Republic
Figure 12.2.13: Primary energy consumption by energy source, 2009, Mtoe
Figure 12.2.14: Generating capacity by energy source, 1990 to 2020, MW
Figure 12.2.15: Load factors in Finland
Figure 12.2.16: Primary energy consumption by energy source, 2009, Mtoe
Figure 12.2.17: Production of uranium from mines in France, tonnes, 2003 to 2009
Figure 12.2.18: Generating capacity by energy source, 1990 to 2020, MW
Figure 12.2.19: Load factors in France
Figure 12.2.20: Nuclear power plants in France
Figure 12.2.21: Primary energy consumption by energy source, 2009, Mtoe
Figure 12.2.22: Production of uranium from mines in Germany, tonnes, 2003 to 2009
Figure 12.2.23: Generating capacity by energy source, 1990 to 2020, MW
Figure 12.2.24: Load factors in Germany
Figure 12.2.25: Primary energy consumption by energy source, 2009, Mtoe
Figure 12.2.26: Generating capacity by energy source, 1990 to 2020, MW
Figure 12.2.27: Load factors for nuclear n Hungary
Figure 12.2.28: Primary energy consumption by energy source, 2009, Mtoe
Figure 12.2.29: Generating capacity by energy source, 1990 to 2020, MW
Figure 12.2.30: Load factors in Italy
Figure 12.2.31: Primary energy consumption by energy source, 2009, Mtoe
Figure 12.2.32: Generating capacity by energy source, 1990 to 2020, MW
Figure 12.2.33: Load factors in Lithuania
Figure 12.2.34: Primary energy consumption by energy source, 2009, Mtoe
Figure 12.2.35: Generating capacity by energy source, 1990 to 2020, MW
Figure 12.2.36: Load factors in the Netherlands
Figure 12.2.37: Primary energy consumption by energy source, 2009, Mtoe
Figure 12.2.38: Production of uranium from mines in Romania, tonnes, 2003 to 2009
Figure 12.2.39: Generating capacity by energy source, 1990 to 2020, MW
Figure 12.2.40: Load factors in Romania
Figure 12.2.41: Primary energy consumption by energy source, 2009, Mtoe
Figure 12.2.42: Generating capacity by energy source, 1990 to 2020, MW
Figure 12.2.43: Generating capacity by energy source, 1990 to 2020, MW
Figure 12.2.44: Load factors in Slovenia
Figure 12.2.45: Primary energy consumption by energy source, 2009, Mtoe
Figure 12.2.46: Generating capacity by energy source, 1990 to 2020, MW
Figure 12.2.47: Load factors in Spain
Figure 12.2.48: Location of Spanish NPPs
Figure 12.2.49: Primary energy consumption by energy source, 2009, Mtoe
Figure 12.2.50: Generating capacity by energy source, 1990 to 2020, MW
Figure 12.2.51: Load factors in Sweden
Figure 12.2.52: Primary energy consumption by energy source, 2009, Mtoe
Figure 12.2.53: Generating capacity by energy source, 1990 to 2020, MW
Figure 12.2.54: Load factors in Switzerland
Figure 12.2.55: Primary energy consumption by energy source, 2009, Mtoe
Figure 12.2.56: Generating capacity by energy source, 1990 to 2020, MW
Figure 12.2.57: Load factors in the United Kingdom
Figure 12.2.58: Nuclear power plants in the United Kingdom
Figure 12.3.1: Generating capacity by energy source, 1990 to 2020, MW
Figure 12.3.2: Load factors in Armenia
Figure 12.3.3: Primary energy consumption by energy source, 2009, Mtoe
Figure 12.3.4: Generating capacity by energy source, 1990 to 2020, MW
Figure 12.3.5: Primary energy consumption by energy source, 2009, Mtoe
Figure 12.3.6: Generating capacity by energy source, 1990 to 2020, MW
Figure 12.3.7: Load factors in Russia
Figure 12.3.8: Status of nuclear power plants
Figure 12.3.9: Plans for floating nuclear power plants in Russia
Figure 12.3.10: Primary energy consumption by energy source, 2009, Mtoe
Figure 12.3.11: Production of uranium from mines in the Ukraine, tonnes, 2003 to 2009
Figure 12.3.12: Generating capacity by energy source, 1990 to 2020, MW
Figure 12.3.13: Load factors in Ukraine
Figure 12.4.1: Primary energy consumption by energy source, 2009, Mtoe
Figure12.4.2: Production of uranium from mines in China, tonnes, 2003 to 2009
Figure 12.4.3: Generating capacity by energy source, 1990 to 2020, MW
Figure 12.4.4: Load factors in China
Figure12.4.5: Location of nuclear power plants in China
Figure 12.4.6: Primary energy consumption by energy source, 2009, Mtoe
Figure 12.4.7: Generating capacity by energy source, 1990 to 2020, MW
Figure 12.4.8: Production of uranium from mines in India, tonnes, 2003 to 2009
Figure 12.4.9: Load factors in India
Figure 12.4.10: Generating capacity by energy source, 1990 to 2020, MW
Figure 12.4.11: Primary energy consumption by energy source, 2009, Mtoe
Figure 12.4.12: Generating capacity by energy source, 1990 to 2020, MW
Figure 12.4.13: Load factors in Japan
Figure 12.4.14: Location of Japanese nuclear plants
Figure 12.4.15: Location of Japanese research centres
Figure 12.4.16: Primary energy consumption by energy source, 2009, Mtoe
Figure 12.4.17: Generating capacity by energy source, 1990 to 2020, MW
Figure 12.4.18: Load factors in South Korea
Figure 12.4.19: Primary energy consumption by energy source, 2009, Mtoe
Figure 12.4.20: Production of uranium from mines in Pakistan, tonnes, 2003 to 2009
Figure 12.4.21: Generating capacity by energy source, 1990 to 2020, MW
Figure12.4.22: Load factors in Pakistan
Figure 12.4.23: Primary energy consumption by energy source, 2009, Mtoe
Figure 12.4.24: Generating capacity by energy source, 1990 to 2020, MW
Figure 12.5.1: Primary energy consumption by energy source, 2009, Mtoe
Figure 12.5.2: Load factors for nuclear in Argentina
Figure 12.5.3: Generating capacity by energy source, 1990 to 2020, MW
Figure 12.5.4: Primary energy consumption by energy source, 2009, Mtoe
Figure 12.5.5: Production of uranium from mines in Brazil, tonnes, 2003 to 2009
Figure 12.5.6: Generating capacity by energy source, 1990 to 2020, MW
Figure 12.5.7: Load factors in Brazil
Figure 12.6.1: Primary energy consumption by energy source, 2009, Mtoe
Figure 12.6.2: Production of uranium from mines in South Africa, tonnes, 2003 to 2009
Figure 12.6.3: Generating capacity by energy source, 1990 to 2020, MW
Figure 12.6.4: Load factors in South Africa
Figure 12.7.1: Primary energy consumption by energy source, 2009, Mtoe
Figure 12.7.2: Generating capacity by energy source, 1990 to 2020, MW

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