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The Rising Demand for Desalination Many parts of the world are experiencing severe water stress with limited fresh water supplies. In some parts of the world water use exceeds renewable water capacity – renewable water is defined as surface and underground water supplies that are replenished by rainwater. These regions often use non-renewable ground water supplies, which are also further down and require more energy to exploit, or exploit underground aquifers resulting in salt water intrusion. Increased industrialisation and urbanisation has also lead to ground water pollution in some regions. Eighty countries are classified as suffering from severe water shortages, twenty of which are classified as scarcity. According to the UN approximately 1,500 m³ of freshwater per capita per year is needed for unhindered economic development. In Europe alone two countries have considerably less water than this – Cyprus has 74 and Malta has 979 m³ per capita per year. These and many other countries use or are considering desalination to meet their fresh water needs – by definition, desalination is the removal of salts from water to produce water with lower salinity.
Rising Demand for Desalination There is growing demand for desalinated water from the general public, which has a greater understanding of water issues and often demands high quality potable water. Technology There are two principal types of water desalination in current use- distillation or thermal. Desalination Costs Once considered too expensive and energy intensive to use on a large scale, costs of desalinated water have declined per m³ increasing interest in the sector Advantages of Desalination The advantages of desalination are that it has a high scalability and its main water source, sea water, is an unlimited, non-regulated source. Desalination Market and Investment Potential As the price of desalinating water is falling all the time and may equal to freshwater extraction in 2020 in some parts of the world, making it is becoming more appealing to government decision makers for water supply. It is estimated that by 2025 3.5 billion people will be experiencing water stress. Water stress may be exacerbated by the affects of climate change.
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